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1. Appendix 2

   From: Discussion paper: Toward a commission policy on gender identity

   Glossary of Gender

   This glossary was compiled by Transgender Nation (San Francisco, California). The organization is a diverse group of transgendered and non-transgendered people united “in anger” and resolved to directly empower all transgendered people by direct political action.

   assigned gender at birth - the gender one is considered to be at birth, due to the presence of whatever external sex organs. Once this determination is made, it becomes a label used for raising the child in either one gender image or the other.

2. Case summaries

   From: Discussion paper: Human rights issues in insurance

   (Extracts from CHRR)

   Discriminatory auto insurance rates allowed for bona fide reasons

   Zurich Insurance Co. v. Ontario (Human Rights Comm.)

   The majority of the Supreme Court of Canada finds that Zurich Insurance did not discriminate against Michael Bates contrary to the Ontario Human Rights Code by charging him higher premiums for automobile insurance because of his age, sex, and marital status.

3. Part I – The context: sexual orientation, human rights protections, case law and legislation

   From: Policy on discrimination and harassment because of sexual orientation

   1. Introduction

   The Code states that it is public policy in Ontario to recognize the inherent dignity and worth of every person and to provide for equal rights and opportunities without discrimination. The provisions of the Code are aimed at creating a climate of understanding and mutual respect for the dignity and worth of each person, so that each person feels a part of the community and feels able to contribute to the community.

4. Part II - The policy framework

   From: Policy on discrimination and harassment because of sexual orientation

   4. Discrimination based on sexual orientation

   The Code provides that every person has the right to be treated equally without discrimination because of sexual orientation. The purpose of anti-discrimination laws is to prevent the violation of human dignity and freedom through the imposition of disadvantage, stereotyping or political or social prejudice.

5. Summary of proceedings

   From: Human rights commissions: Future directions

   Session 1 - Trends and Current Issues for Human Rights Commissions

   Moderator: Pearl Eliadis

   Pearl Eliadis introduced the topic by identifying the following major themes:

6. The scope of the report

   From: Time for action: Advancing human rights for older Ontarians

   This Report is intended to be a broad examination of all issues that may have an impact on the dignity and worth of older adults and that may affect the enjoyment of equal rights and opportunities.

7. Ageism

   From: Time for action: Advancing human rights for older Ontarians

   During the consultation, the Commission heard repeatedly about ageism and its effects. Ageism can give rise to individual acts of discrimination, but can also have an impact on a wider scale by influencing policies, programs and legislation that affect broad sectors of society. For the purposes of this Report, the term ‘ageism’ refers to two types of behaviour that have a negative effect on older persons. The first involves the social construction of age, including incorrect assumptions and stereotypes about older persons.

8. Age & intersectionality

   From: Time for action: Advancing human rights for older Ontarians

   The Commission recognizes that persons may experience disadvantage in unique ways based on the intersection of age with other aspects of their identity. During the consultations, the Commission heard about certain groups of older persons who face particular barriers arising from the intersection of age with gender, disability, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, religion, culture and language.

   “Women particularly suffer because of past customs, practices and traditions.” (Canadian Pensioners Concerned)

9. Employment

   From: Time for action: Advancing human rights for older Ontarians

   Employment is fundamental to ensuring equal participation and equal opportunity in society. It has a direct bearing on a person’s economic status while the person is in the workforce and afterwards. Therefore, any examination of age discrimination in employment must consider the effects of practices and policies on the person while they are working as well as after they have retired. It must also consider the effect on society as a whole.

10. Health care, institutions & services

    From: Time for action: Advancing human rights for older Ontarians

    “Basic health care is a foundation in our society and differences are never justifiable. Seniors’ needs are real and they surely deserve easy access to basic health care in the same manner afforded to other groups in Ontario.”
    (Chatham-Kent CCAC)

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